News Corporation Near Collapse (1990) & Recovery Essay

News Corporation Near Collapse (1990) and Recovery - Essay Example This may have been somewhat because of the way that, at the time there was a sharp publicizing downturn, the most noticeably terrible in two decades (Roger Cohan 1990). The circumstance was that News Corporation was burdened with enormous obligations. Alex Burns (2002) detailed that Murdoch's News Corp, which remains unstably above water, had a gigantic $11 billion owing debtors around the world, almost multiple times the yearly turnover of the whole paper industry in Australia. With an end goal to spare the business a renegotiating plan was set up, yet ultimately, one little bank in Pittsburgh would not oblige the plan, requesting reimbursement of a $10 million advance. (Stephen Galloway and Paula Parisi, 2005) The assignment we include set ourselves inside this report is to see four key regions. Right off the bat to find out where the roots of duty regarding the emergency lay. Furthermore to research how the emergency position was settled without falling back on the unrecoverable demonstration of insolvency, and thirdly we will attempt to inspect how, when other eminent media goliaths have fizzled, Murdoch had the option to get away. At long last we will find how Murdoch has had the option to renew the fortunes of News Corporation, effectively changing itself into one of the best 500 worldwide TNC's2 Behind each corporate catastrophe, there is unavoidably an endeavor to allocate fault. With the News Corporation circumstance, most of money related media and different specialists would in general spot a large portion of the fault at the feet of the administration. Be that as it may, others were similarly as punishable. The executives' job Rupert Murdoch is that deep rooted breed, a corporate card shark. He flourishes with dangers and the greater the stakes, the greater the buzz and the greater the payout. (Stuart Crainer.1999). In the 1980's he spent impressive sums on acquisitions for his realm. While the dangers he took around then are receiving reward now, at the time they would, to any traditionalist agent, have appeared to be inadmissible. Maybe a superior case of how Murdoch decides to live and work together comes in the occasions, which hinted at the extraordinary credit mash of 1990. These started in Murdoch's American obtaining binge of the center 1980s. He purchased the twentieth Century Fox arrange in the US in 1985, the Metromedia chain of TV slots that year, and afterward in 1986 propelled Fox, the principal national TV organize since 1959. He didn't have the cash to pay for the entirety of this, so he raised it by revaluing his organization under Australian accounting3 rules, raising its value from $166 million to $1.6 billion (Lanchester) The most exorbitant corporate move Murdoch made in the late eighties was the interest in Sky. At that stage it was a tremendous channel on the organizations money assets. At the time the satellite auxiliary was posting generous year on year misfortunes. In spite of Murdoch's to some degree questionable skill at moving assets around the different and various gathering auxiliaries to cover overextended income positions, Sky had a money thirst which couldn't be extinguished without significantly affecting on News Corporations liquidity, genuinely diminishing its capacity to cover different responsibilities. In this manner when the opportunity arrived to reimburse $2 billion of bank obligation, there were inadequate assets accessible to meet these contracted duties. It is clear from all the explores

Argument Essay Topics That Are Good for College Students

Argument Essay Topics That Are Good for College StudentsArgument essays are one of the most difficult things to write, and there are many argument essay topics that you need to choose from. Some are common, while others are more specific. The good news is that there are ways to narrow down the topic areas or at least know what to look for. The following will show you some common argument essay topics and why you might choose them, as well as explain what to avoid.One of the first thing you'll learn about when writing an argument essay is that you'll be tempted to tackle more of a discussion essay topics. Most college students have a busy college life, but it doesn't mean that they don't have time to write. College is also very diverse and its student body has varied interests. Students also like to talk about topics with other students. So if you can talk your way into talking about topics with other students and then turn that into a topic for your essay, it will give it more heft.O ne of the biggest problems with debate topics are that they are quite broad. So it's very easy to get lost in them and end up losing the main point of your argument. If you are writing an argument essay, it is essential that you keep the emphasis on the main point and get it out of the way. Other topics that you should avoid is difficult topics that deal with sexual orientation, religion, and similar topics.Some college students like to write politically correct essays that cover everything. This is great for people who do this for a living, but not for average readers. Many debate essays tend to be about controversial issues. It is only natural to read and hear opinions on topics that are controversial and challenging, so it makes sense to keep those topics out of your argument essay topics.While many argue essay topics are about controversial subjects, it is important to not make the mistake of ignoring political views completely. Even though a topic is controversial, there are st ill plenty of opinions on that topic, and the best thing to do is consider the opinions of others. If you stick to one side, you are going to miss out on some really good points. But when you discuss both sides of the issue, you'll more likely be able to resolve the debate that is at hand.As I mentioned above, controversial topics aren't always helpful, and when you write an argument essay, you should be aware of this fact. This isn't always the case with debate topics, but you should still consider it. It will give your essay a better chance of being successful. Remember that people dislike controversy is rarely good for anyone involved.Before you choose a topic for your argument essay topics, make sure that it isn't too difficult. Your essay isn't going to be worth much if you can't write it. While there are many argument essay topics that are very easy to write about, it's a good idea to get as much advice as you can from your teachers, friends, and other college students. They h ave more experience and insight into writing and will be able to give you useful ideas about which topics to choose.In conclusion, it is important to understand that argument essay topics are going to be different for each college student, depending on their backgrounds, interests, and personalities. It is also important to keep this in mind before you begin writing and determine what topics to avoid.

Ericksons Stages of Development Essay Example

Ericksons Stages of Development Essay Psychosocial Stage 1 Trust versus Doubt †¢ The principal phase of Erikson’s hypothesis of psychosocial advancement happens among birth and one year old enough and is the most central stage throughout everyday life. 2 †¢ Because a baby is completely reliant, the advancement of trust depends on the constancy and nature of the child’s guardians. †¢ If a youngster effectively creates trust, the person in question will have a sense of security and secure on the planet. Parental figures who are conflicting, relationally repressed, or dismissing add to sentiments of doubt in the youngsters they care for. Inability to create trust will bring about dread and a conviction that the world is conflicting and flighty. Psychosocial Stage 2 Autonomy versus Disgrace and Doubt †¢ The second phase of Eriksons hypothesis of psychosocial improvement happens during youth and is centered around youngsters building up a more noteworthy feeling of individual control. 2 †¢ Like Freud, Erikson accepted that can preparing was an indispensable piece of this procedure. Nonetheless, Eriksons thinking was very extraordinary then that of Freuds. Erikson accept that figuring out how to control one’s body capacities prompts a sentiment of control and a feeling of freedom. †¢ Other significant occasions incorporate dealing with food decisions, toy inclinations, and attire determination. †¢ Children who effectively complete this stage have a sense of safety and sure, while the individuals who don't are left with a feeling of deficiency and self-question. Psychosocial Stage 3 Initiative versus Blame †¢ During the preschool years, kids start to affirm their capacity and authority over the world through coordinating play and other social association. Kids who are fruitful at this stage feel able and ready to lead others. The individuals who neglect to obtain these aptitudes are left with a feeling of blame, self-uncertainty and absence of activity. 3 Psychosocial Stage 4 Industry versus Inadequacy †¢ This stage covers the early school a very long time from roughly age 5 to 11. †¢ Through social commu nications, youngsters start to build up a feeling of pride in their achievements and capacities. †¢ Children who are supported and complimented by guardians and instructors build up a sentiment of ability and faith in their aptitudes. We will compose a custom paper test on Ericksons Stages of Development explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Ericksons Stages of Development explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Ericksons Stages of Development explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer The individuals who get practically no support from guardians, instructors, or friends will question their capacity to be fruitful. Psychosocial Stage 5 Identity versus Disarray †¢ During youthfulness, youngsters are investigating their freedom and building up a feeling of self. †¢ Those who get legitimate support and fortification through close to home investigation will rise up out of this phase with a solid feeling of self and a sentiment of autonomy and control. The individuals who stay uncertain of their convictions and wants will shaky and confounded about themselves and what's to come. Psychosocial Stage 6 Intimacy versus Seclusion †¢ This stage covers the time of early adulthood when individuals are investigating individual connections. †¢ Erikson trusted it was indispensable that individuals grow close, serious relationships with others. The individuals who are effective at this progression will create connections that are submitted and secure. †¢ Remember that each progression expands on aptitudes learned in past advances. Erikson accepted that a solid feeling of individual character was imperative to creating personal connections. Studies have shown that those with a poor feeling of self will in general have less serious relationships and are bound to endure enthusiastic segregation, forlornness, and melancholy. Psychosocial Stage 7 Generativity versus Stagnation †¢ During adulthood, we keep on building our lives, concentrating on our vocation and family. †¢ Those who are effective during this stage will feel that they are adding to the world by being dynamic in their home and network. The individuals who neglect to accomplish this expertise will feel inefficient and uninvolved on the planet. Psychosocial Stage 8 Integrity versus Depression †¢ This stage happens during mature age and is centered around pondering back life. †¢ Those who are fruitless during this stage will feel that their life has been squandered and will encounter numerous second thoughts. The individual will be left with sentiments of sharpness and sadness. †¢ Those who feel pleased with their achievements will feel a feeling of respectability. Effectively finishing this stage implies thinking back with barely any second thoughts and a general sentiment of fulfillment. These people will accomplish shrewdness, in any event, while going up against death.

Leading and Managing People Essay - 3025 Words

Leading and Managing People (Other (Not Listed) Sample) Content: Leading and managing peopleNameCourseInstructorDate Introduction Professional development plays a critical role towards increasing professional experience and teaching ability. Organizations and institutions need to put mechanisms in place to ensure that there is successful transfer of knowledge (Burke Ng, 2006). Formal programs are popular approaches to facilitate transfer knowledge, with mentorship programs which pair mentors and protà ©gà ©s providing unique experience for professional development. Professional development has evolved over time for focusing on in-service workshops to integrate robust approaches towards continuing education. Teachers ought to seek professional development opportunities to advance their careers throughout a teacherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s professional cycle. In order to improve quality of learning in schools professional development is an important factor that can influence improved student achievement. The focus on standard based reforms has been one of the features of teachersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ professional development and this has helped in improving the knowledge base critical to transformation of quality schools. There are various benefits for mentorship to the mentor, protà ©gà © as well as organization. Since mentorship helps in developing leaders it results to improved productivity as well as link protà ©gà ©s with valuable information (Hellsten et al., 2009). This in turn enhances professional development where a work culture that promotes mentorship then promotes individual development for the workforce over time. Through providing feedback, the protà ©gà © understands the role of communication, change management, leadership skills as well as interpersonal relationships in influencing professional development (Delahaye, 2005). The protà ©gà © also gets advice on goal setting and this improves the level of commitment in professional development. At the same time, the mentor can gain insights on the most use ful aspects to improving personal and professional development through interaction with the protà ©gà ©. This paper focuses on mentorship programs and per coaching approaches to professional development.Mentorship programThe role of mentors in leadership development has mostly received attention in business circles, but is increasingly applicable in the education system. The need for mentorship programs comes from the realization that it improves motivation and enhances skills; organizations also use mentorship to ensure that is better retention and leadership development, and in education mentorship programs also play a critical role towards improving and retaining skills. Mentorship facilitates learning and socialization whereby interaction, with the mentor enhances teacher practices through offering guidance support (Eby et al., 2007). The mentor typically has more experience and knowlede to provide advice and facilitate professional development. In any case, the need for inte grating mentorship programs in education reforms makes it easier to adopt relevant policies.Almanar High School in Riyadh-Saudi Arabia maintains mentorship program especially for new teachers which integrates both formal and informal approaches. The first approach to improving mentorship was supporting protà ©gà ©Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s in their professional development through a formal mentoring process. To achieve this, mentors were matched with teachers, but the junior staff members were then advised to plan for further development. Progression in the program was consistent with the needs of junior staff members as mentors offered guidance, while also highlighting on expectations from the program. The expectations were categorised depending on the objectives and responsibilities of junior teachers including teaching, practice and supervision. In my case, the role of mentorship program was essential to improving interaction and understanding different teaching practices. The desire to p articipate in the mentorship program was a strong indicator of the success of mentorship for both mentors and protà ©gà ©s. Having already identified the need to veer into education leadership, the mentorship program provided an opportunity to supervise students while relying on the advice of the mentor. To further highlight on the benefit of the program it is worth mentioning that the mentor was interested in advancing the role of education leadership towards improving schools. In any spending sufficient time between the mentor and the protà ©gà © presents opportunities to focus on the role of mentorship in professional development.Another important aspect of the mentorship program is the need to meet face to face regularly especially during the orientation meeting, as this makes it easier to identify clear goals to be met by the protà ©gà ©. Similarly, assessment helps in identifying whether the program is effective. The main benefit of a protà ©gà © meeting with the mento r is that it shows initiative and urge to learn while also applying knowledge in teaching practice (Diaz-Maggioli, 2004). This then enables the protà ©gà © to assist the protà ©gà © with regards to the needs identified, and the mentor can also help to identify other potential mentors. Having realized the immense opportunities presented through engaging the mentor it became clear that the mentor is integral to career development. It is through the mentor that one is directed on how to look for appropriate training and workshops that are aligned to goals. When mentor actively participate in the mentorship program, protà ©gà ©s are motivated to learn and achieve their set goals better than situations where there is no active participation (Beijaard, 2005). In the beginning stages of the mentorship program the mentors appeared concerned, and this made it easier to ask questions and reflect learning however, at times it appeared as though I was left on my own to figure out what to do after being setting expectations. Over time, this situation improves as there was a mismatch of expectations. Mentors are willing to facilitate learning, but the protà ©gà © must also show initiative and the urge to learn. In cases, where an intern completes the assigned tasks it becomes easier to assess their level of commitment and highlight on the role of reflection in learning and teaching. Despite best efforts to improve mentoring, the lack of proper mentoring guide is one of the challenges facing mentorship programs. According to Potter Tolson (2014), a mentorship guide is of outmost importance while the mentor-protà ©gà © relationship needs to be guided for the mentorship program to be a success. The article is relevant on leading and managing people in the education sector as the authors also highlight on benefits of mentor-protà ©gà © relationship. Since the mentor nurtures leadership, the relationship is based on a professional background that is also engaging and meant to provide the best results form the mentorship program. Equally, setting expectations about the work environment as well as advice on co-mentoring are aspects that are relevant in having a mentor- protà ©gà © relationship. Even with the best of intentions, the mentorship program may not achieve all the objectives especially if the administrators are not fully committed. The mentorship program was aided by assistance, support and guidance to protà ©gà ©s (Beijaard, 2005). Mentors establish positive rapport which ensures in an environment that fosters trust. Since the aim of the mentorship program was to transfer knowledge and improve performance, training was most applicable for enhancing teaching practices. Nonetheless, provision of opportunities to lead as well as supervise students increased opportunities to learn on leading and managing. Through utilizing skills as an affective teacher, the mentorship program helps in identifying appropriate approaches to cla ssroom management (Richards Farrell, 2005). In order to improve mentorship and coaching for aspiring leaders in the education sector it is important to identify the specific tasks and roles to be accomplished (Lumby, Crow Pashiardis, 2009). As such having sought to improve the learning environment curriculum and managing people was a crucial aspect in the mentorship program. It was easier to focus on relevant learning needs. The way school leaders think and act affects the outcome of learning during the mentorship program. This is especially in cases, where there is identification of a vision and direction, where there is an environment that encourages one to develop people (Ader Hewitt, 2004). Additionally, the role of workplace conditions as well as staff motivation should not be ignored when focusing on issues to be highlighted when constructing knowledge during coaching and mentoring (Lumby, Crow Pashiardis, 2009). Peer coachingPeer coaching takes into account the process th rough which two or more professionals collaborate to share ideas, build skills, and solve problems (Zepeda et al., 2013). This approach helps to increase feedback rather than deal with evaluation. Since one can use new strategies to improve results it is suited to assessing whether the interventions are effective through collaboration with a colleague. Coaching is one of the approaches to improve the supervisory role of education leader with mentor supervision applicable for companion teachers (Walkley, 1998.) Peer coaching improves student achievement through fostering a climate where there is instructional improvement as well as professional conversations with colleagues on best practices in education. Schools typically have different education needs, as such the peer coaching program at Almanar High School was aligned with the education program to achieve best results. One of the benefits of peer coaching over Workshop and conferences is that there is better staff deve...

Finishing My Education Debt Free - 1047 Words

Finishing My Education Debt Free (An analysis of the financial obstacles I will encounter in college and how I will overcome them) College. Merriam-Webster dictionary defines it as an institution offering instruction usually in a professional, vocational, or technical field, but if you ask most of the students who are attending a college right now, they may define it as a four to eight year money-sucking hole. College is one of the most expensive, and most important, things that you will ever put your money into. The average cost of a four year degree is ten to twenty thousand dollars. Schooling beyond those four years can be as expensive as up to thirty thousand dollars a year, based on the kind of degree you are working for. This is†¦show more content†¦The first and most important way that I am going to approach college without finishing with an enormous amount of debt is earning scholarships. I have been constantly applying for every scholarship that is available. I am a part of many different websites that alert me on what scholarships are available in my area. All of the scholarships that I win w ill hopefully earn me enough money to at least cover my tuition, and hopefully my room and board. I am applying for scholarships that have to do with music, theatre, and my academics. I will have to accomplish many things throughout college to maintain these scholarships, but it will all be worth it when I am able to accomplish my schooling without any major debts. Working through school is the next way that I am going to earn money so that I can finish my schooling without an enormous pile of debt. I will work a job or possibly even two jobs to help pay my personal expenses and my transportation expenses. Hopefully, I will receive enough scholarships that I won’t have to work more than one job to keep up with my expenses. The job, or jobs, that I do work will have to be flexible to work around my class and extra-curricular activities. I hope to get a job that has some type of benefit so that I can also have any of those benefits,Show MoreRelatedA College Education Ranks Righ t Along With Owning Your1241 Words   |  5 PagesA College education ranks right along with owning your own home as the foundation of the American dream. (Archer) College students, many of them face debt trying to better them selves. Most will attend college only to be paying for their education years after they have graduated. A Percentage will fall behind or simply not pay because of other life obligations. Student debt, accounts for well over one trillion dollars of debt in our country presently and it is continuing to rise year over year. NewRead MoreEducation Is The Best Important Things For Me Essay1393 Words   |  6 PagesEducation is one of the most important things for me. I believe education is the way to be a better person, and it is the key to being who you want to be. My dream is to be a doctor; however, I have limited resources. 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Why be in debt for countless years after graduation, having to spend a large portion of your valuable life paying off your loans and whatever the university in which you attended consumed from you? Is the education you’re getting out of everything all worth it? Crazy as it may seem, the answer is simple. Yes. There have been many controversies these days aboutRead MoreDecline in America 1437 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the Cold War, Soviets and Americans raced to be the best at everything. From the â€Å"Space Race† to economies to education and technology, the feeling in both countries was that the loser would be annihilated. Since the end of the Cold War, the drive to be the best is no longer fueling such determination. As a result, over the past two decades or so, Americans are increasingly aware and afraid of decline. 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Comparing Sonnys Blues And The Rich Brother By Tobias...

As we examined the essay â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† and â€Å"The Rich Brother† that may not have a great deal in common, but with more analysis in to the stories it becomes clear that they are similar but still have their own uniqueness. The stories are â€Å"The rich brother† which was written by Tobias Wolff is known for short stories or memoir and â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† which was written by James Baldwin also an American writer best known for its eloquence or rhetorical force in his writing. Both writers a best known for their famous writing than span for decades. Let start with â€Å"The Rich brother† about Pete and Donald brothers who have little in common for example Pete is successful person making great money and can provide his family anything they wants while†¦show more content†¦As you can see from both stories it about overcoming boundaries, accepting people for who they are, and understanding each relationship in order to co-exist. The story is identical of each because both narrators have troubling accepting their brother lifestyle. For example, the narrator from â€Å"The Rich Brother† he wants to make a point that Pete is the responsible one and successful while Donald is the drifter with little control of his life but for most part it sibling rivalry. And, in â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† when narrator picks up his brother Sonny from prison while he willing to help his brother Sonny but they still unable to understand each other lifestyle. As the both stories continue to develop, in â€Å"The Rich Brother† the narrator made a point that while Pete is successful and might not understand his brother Donald but he will still be there for him because they require each other like sibling rivalry you cannot have one without the other. In â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† the situation is the same where the narrator still unsure what to verbally express to Sonny and instead he just listens when require to voice his opinion. At the end of both stories both narrators made a point of wanting to overcome their boundaries and accepting their bothers lifestyle. For â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† the narrator of coping through the music and the needs of trying to get out of his environment. Music is what ends up being the light in the

Aristotles Claim of Contemplation as Complete Happiness free essay sample

Secondly, to further give reasoning as to why contemplation is superior over deliberation, a discussion of the relationship between philosophical wisdom and practical wisdom will be mentioned. In conclusion, Aristotles argument claims that moral life is a secondary happiness to contemplation. He gives evidential reasoning which will be discussed to show that he does not undermine his Virtue Ethics by making this claim. Because Aristotle is basing his argument on virtue ethics, he is not trying to derive a rule but, deriving a good person. An overall good human should possess character-traits to be a morally good person. To start his argument, it must be mentioned that he begins by stating that, Every art and every inquiry, and similarly every action and pursuit, is thought to aim at some good: and for this reason the good has rightly been declared to be that at which all things aim if, then, there is some end of the things we do, which we desire for its own sake (everything else being desired for the sake of this), and if we do not choose everything for the sake of something else (for at that rate the process would go on to infinity, so that our desire would be empty and vain), clearly this must be the good and the chief good. We will write a custom essay sample on Aristotles Claim of Contemplation as Complete Happiness or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page (Aristotle, pg. 124) In Book X, Aristotle reiterates that the final end of all activity is this chief good and this chief good is happiness. Aristotle then, gives his Function Argument. When we know what that function is, then and only then can we aim to function at our best. When we function at our best, we can reach our final end, and that final end is happiness. As happiness is something final and self-sufficient, and is the end of action (Aristotle, pg 129). This argument concludes that if we are to function well, we must first know what our primary function is. He claims that this commonality in humans resides in reason and rationality. However, he further explains that it is much more than that. If reason and rationality are performed well, the function of man to be a certain kind of life, and this to be an activity or actions of the soul implying a rational principle human good turns out to be activity of soul exhibiting excellence (Aristotle, pg 129). Aristotle more clearly defines this as such: a good human, and also a happy human, is one who is capable of achieving the rational exercise of the souls functions of virtuousness (Aristotle, pg 132). Contemplative/scientific is classified as philosophical wisdom and deliberative/calculative wisdom is classified as practical wisdom. These are both parts of the rational soul. Nutritive, associated with growth, and Appetitive, associated with desires are part of the irrational soul. The deliberative part of the soul controls the irrational part (mainly the appetitive part) and Aristotle claims that because the contemplative part of the soul does not contain any portion of the irrational soul, and thus is the truest from of happiness. He later gives two kinds of virtues: intellectual virtues and moral virtues. As Aristotle suggests, this subdivision in virtue, is much like the soul, whereas one subdivision has it in the strict sense and in itself, and the other having a tendency to obey as one does ones father (Aristotle, pg 133). The intellectual virtues are related to the rational part of the soul. These, again, consist of philosophical wisdom and practical wisdom. Intellectual requires experience and time to develop whereas moral virtues are formed by habit. Aristotle sums up his account of virtues by stating that in order to do virtuous acts we must do them until they become habit (moral virtues), however, we must have the intellect and knowledge to know how to choose the virtuous action that is correct for the situation (practical wisdom. ) It must be said that practical wisdom is not deliberation; however, practical wisdom is the virtue of deliberation, if done well. We deliberate about things that are in our power and can be done and we also deliberate on a means to an end and not the end in itself. The ends are based on a rational wish. It is about inquiry and if we come on impossibility, we give up on our search (Aristotle, pg 143). The activity of deliberation is to form a habit of making good choices and habitually making good choices results in a practice of virtuousness. Moreover, one would be considered making good choices when these choices are not extremes of virtues. This leads the discussion into the relationship between contemplation and practical wisdom. Aristotle refers to Intellectual virtues and contemplation, as a scientific knowledge, combined with intuitive reason of the things that are highest by nature. Practical wisdom on the other hand is concerned with things human and things about which it is possible to deliberate (Aristotle, pg 154). He later argues that man must possess practical wisdom and it is impossible to be practically wise without being good and a good man is one who is happy. However, he proclaims that philosophical wisdom is superior to practical wisdom even though practical wisdom is a capacity and a disposition to act upon what is good for human beings. He states his case by explaining that philosophical wisdom is the truth or falsity of unknowns. It is the foresight of knowledge and experience to be able to deliberate upon correctly. Because philosophical wisdom rationalizes with things that are the highest by nature, one can suggest that this would allow for the human being to reach and obtain the highest level of happiness. If happiness is activity in accordance with virtue, it is reasonable that it should be in accordance with the highest virtue; and this will be that of the best thing in us this activity is contemplative we have already said. Aristotle believes that if the human can achieve the best of the intellectual state (i. e. contemplation) we then can achieve this complete happiness. Aristotles argument for this view is, Firstly, contemplation is the best activity, since not only is reason the best thing in us, but the objects of reason are the best of knowable objects); and, secondly, it is the most continuous, since we can contemplate truth more continuously than we can do anything. He also claims that this is t he part of reason that does not touch the irrational soul as does practical wisdom. Now, after giving a background of Aristotles theory of Virtue Ethics, the argument to give for this view, the relationship between contemplation and practical wisdom, it can be concluded that Aristotle does not undermine his Virtue Ethics by claiming that the moral life is a secondary happiness to contemplation. As Aristotle states, Happiness extends, then, just so far as contemplation does and those to whom contemplation more fully belongs are more truly happy (Aristotle, pg 174) this can be presumably true today. It can be argued that in todays civilization, there is war, poverty and hunger and a human being may look to find more happiness in health and wealth, however, a well nourished mind is what can be our solution to these issues. Ignorance and improper upbringing in todays society can be found to be problematic. Intellectual virtues bring us to a more divine state of mind; sciences have been formed, legislation has been wrote, and differences have been made within cultures as a result of proper contemplation. Moral virtues are still needed in society but, they are secondary as they carry human qualities (i. e. what actions to be taken to achieve happiness for the individual at that moment. ) They require the use of more faculties and require more exertion. The human can only do so much to apply virtues in life. Unless there is a pay-it-forward, nationwide that becomes viral globally, we cannot guarantee a nirvana or utopic society worldwide. Culture amongst man has a lot to do with this as well. That is why I believe that Aristotle is not undermining his view of Virtue Ethics. Not all human beings can agree upon moral virtues, however, they can all agree to become closer to some divinity by practicing contemplation. Thinking, rationalizing and reasoning are the most powerful tools that a human can possess. We already know that human beings possess these tools, with contemplation; we can continue to try and acquire the knowledge necessary to make others see through poverty, disease and hunger. WORKS CITED Aristotles Nicomachean Ethics. Ethics: History, Theory, and Contemporary Issues. Trans. W. D. Ross. New York: Oxford UP, 2012. 124-77. Print. Books I-BookX.